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Concepts: horizontal and vertical translations (shifts).
For each function, state the values of h and k, the parameters that represent the horizontal and vertical translations applied to y = f (x).
a) y - 5 = f (x)
b) y = f (x) - 4
c) y = f (x + 1)
d) y + 3 = f (x - 7)
e) y = f (x + 2) + 4
